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Medical classification, or medical coding, is the process of transforming descriptions of medical diagnoses and procedures into universal medical code numbers. The diagnoses and procedures are usually taken from a variety of sources within the health care record, such as the transcription of the physician's notes, laboratory results, radiologic results, and other sources. Diagnosis codes are used to track diseases and other health conditions, inclusive of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease, and infectious diseases such as norovirus, the flu, and athlete's foot. These diagnosis and procedure codes are used by government health programs, private health insurance companies, workers' compensation carriers and others to process claims. Medical classification systems are used for a variety of applications in medicine, public health and medical informatics, including: * statistical analysis of diseases and therapeutic actions * reimbursement; e.g., based on diagnosis-related groups * knowledge-based and decision support systems * direct surveillance of epidemic or pandemic outbreaks There are country specific standards and international classification systems. == Classification Types == Many different medical classifications exist, though they occur into two main groupings: ''Statistical classifications'' and ''Nomenclatures''. A statistical classification brings together similar clinical concepts and groups them into categories. The number of categories is limited so that the classification does not become too big. An example of this is used by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (known as ICD). ICD groups diseases of the circulatory system into one "chapter," known as Chapter IX, covering codes I00–I99. One of the codes in this chapter (I47.1) has the code title (rubric) ''Supraventricular tachycardia''. However, there are several other clinical concepts that are also classified here. Among them are paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, paroxysmal junctional tachycardia, auricular tachycardia and nodal tachycardia. Another feature of statistical classifications is the provision of residual categories for "other" and "unspecified" conditions that do not have a specific category in the particular classification. In a nomenclature there is a separate listing and code for every clinical concept. So, in the previous example, each of the tachycardia listed would have its own code. This makes nomenclatures unwieldy for compiling health statistics. Types of coding systems specific to health care include: * Diagnostic codes * * Are used to determine diseases, disorders, and symptoms * * Can be used to measure morbidity and mortality * * Examples: ICD-9-CM, ICD-10 * Procedural codes * * They are numbers or alphanumeric codes used to identify specific health interventions taken by medical professionals. * * Examples: ICPM, ICHI * Pharmaceutical codes * * Are used to identify medications * * Examples: AT, NDC * Topographical codes * * Are codes that indicate a specific location in the body * * Examples :ICD-O, SNOMED 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「medical classification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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